Per IPCC, “There is high confidence that climate change has already caused irreversible losses in terrestrial, freshwater and coastal and open ocean marine ecosystems.” Yet the signatories to 2015 Paris Accords take no significant action to reduce or reverse the rise in global temperatures. Melting of the Arctic and Antarctic ice caps poses significant risks of flooding coast cities. The ten most vulnerable to sea level rise are Miami, Bangkok, Amsterdam, Ho Chi Minh City, Cardiff, New Orleans, London, and Shenzhen. Sea surface temperatures for the North Atlantic have risen more than 5 degrees in June, the highest rise 170 years. What is disturbing is that the temperatures are not going down as they used to do in historical cycles. These high temperatures are causing the ice caps to melt faster than previously. From 116 billion tons in the 90's to 410 billion in 2017-2020, the most recent data. That is a 250% increase in one decade. Even the pro-capitalist Economist called Greenland a "goner", saying the ice sheet has melted past the point of no return. (April 25, 2020). A US government study expect significant sea rise in the next thirty years, projecting 10-14 inches on average for the East Coast, 14-18 inches for the Gulf Coast and 4 to 8 inches for the West Coast,
The IPCC modeling of sea rise is too conservative, concludes a paper published in Geoscience (June, 2023). The Greenland ice sheet is destabilizing due to millions of hairline cracks that cause hydro fracking leading to gaping caverns large enough to hold a cathedral. Other studies show additional dynamic forces such as warm currents undercutting ice shelves, abnormal rainfall, and foreign surface particles increasing solar absorption at work to destabilize previously solid ice masses. An international body monitoring ice melting announced in an April press release that melting is increasing by five times.