A Jewel of the Amazon: Manuripi Wildlife Reserve

World Wildlife Fund says the Manuripi Wildlife Reserve in Bolivia is an example of sustainable use of a healthy rainforest. Situated between the Manuripi and Madre de Dio Rivers the two million acres of rainforest and floodplain contain an astonishing array of natural treasures. Scarlet macaws fly overhead a canopy full of rare monkeys while the stealthy, powerful jaguar patrols his territory beneath. There are 538 recorded species of plant life. WWF set out in 2004 to protect priority areas in the headwaters of the Amazon; at the base of the Andes, it is a region of diverse topography and high rainfall that provides the mighty river with its source of life. Manuripi was one of ten areas selected by WWF on which to focus its conservation efforts. Manuripi sits in the front lines of unsustainable exploitation by man. Rampant artesian gold mining, poorly planned infrastructure development, destructive agricultural activities and other "get rich quick" schemes threaten the health of the entire region.

One species of the plant kingdom, however, is the key to maintaining Manuripi's unspoiled landscape. The castaña tree (Bertholletia excelsa) produces the Brazil nut prized by humans as well as wildlife. Contrary to its name, eighty percent of Brazil nuts come from Bolivia's Amazon, and Manuripi accounts for one-sixth of the global export market. Castaña trees require an intact rain forest surrounding them to achieve pollination and produce the economically valuable nut, so human inhabitants make it a priority to protect the forest where castañas grow. Every treasure has its seekers and every January through March zafreros--Brazil nut pickers--descend on the forests to assist locals in the harvest. Inevitable conflicts arise and environmental damage occurs. WWF has worked with local communities to promote sustainable harvests, achieve organic certification and fair trade status, and expand markets to insure reliable incomes. All of this can be accomplished while protecting a healthy forest which produces a tasty food for man.