Saturday, November 26, 2022

CITIES Convention Establishes New Protections

The nineteenth convention of the parties to the CITIES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) ended in Panama after two weeks of negotiations.  Member states agreed to establish  new trade restrictions on 600 species of animals and plants, including sharks that are experiencing a drastic decline in their numbers because of the trade in shark fins.  The decision to protect hammerhead and requiem sharks and guitarfish is significant since these species account for about 95% of the global fin trade.  Under CITIES Appendix II export permits are requried for export. Glass frogs, a unique family (Centrolenidae) of frogs with semi-transparent skin, are subjected to the international pet trade.

Freshwater turtles are also traded regularly, so the parties voted to protect 52 species including the matamatas sp. Chelus, prized for their knobby shells and triangular shaped heads. [photo credit: WCS] Songbirds are popular especially in Asia for song contests. Receiving legal protection CITIES are two songbirds, strawheaded bulbul (Pycnonotus zeylanicus) under Appendix I and white-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus) on Appendix II. Appendix I ban nearly all trade in a species at high risk of extinction. According to the IUCN specialist group, forty-three songbird species are in urgent need of protection from trade.

Trees were not forgotten at the meeting of the parties. One hundred forty threatened tropical species were added to Appendix II. Protection for paduak, pod mahogany and African mahogany group will go in effect in ninety day, but two groups of Latin American species--cumaru and trumpet trees--will not take place for two years. Conservationists are worried that these over-exploited trees will be subjected to more explotiation before the trade restrictions take effect. One prominent specie that did not make the protected list, is hippopotamus. Trade in hippo teeth as alternative to elephant tusk is taking a toll on the river dwelling animals. A two thirds majority is needed to list a species, but the hippo vote was tied at 56. Despite setbacks and disappointments, the conference is considered a success for conservation given the number of species receiving protection under the treaty. More is needed to stop the international trade in animal parts--especially regulatory enforcement. CITIES is only as successful as the efforts of member nations to enforce its provisions and prevent biodiversity collapse.